THE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
THE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
1. Past actions which occurred before another past action or before a stated past time. ( أفعال حدثت في الماضي قبل أفعال أخرى في الماضي أو قبل وقت محدد في الماضي)
e.g. He had left by the time I got there. (كان قد غادر قبل أن أصل)
2. a completed action which had visible results in the past. (حدث مكتمل في الماضي وكانت له نتائج ظاهرة في الماضي)
e.g. She was sad because she had failed the test. (كانت حزينة لأنها رسبت في الاختبار)
Give the correct tense to the verbs ( ) past simple or past perfect.
1. When I (arrive) at the station, the train (already/leave).
2. We (light) the candles because the lights (go off).
3. The patient (die) before the ambulance (reach) the hospital.
4. John (eat) all the cakes by the time the other children (arrive) at the party.
5. I spent a week in Miami last year. I (never, be) there before.
6. When he arrived, Eve wasn’t there. She (leave) about five minutes before.
7. As soon as I (download) the document, the computer (crash).
8. By the time we (find) our seats at the concert hall, the symphony (begin/already).
CORRECTION:
1- When I arrived at the station, the train had already left.
2- We lit the candles because the lights had gone off.
3- The patient had died before the ambulance reached the hospital.
4- John had eaten all the cakes by the time the other children arrived at the party.
5- I spent a week in Miami last year. I had never been there before.
6- When he arrived, Eve wasn’t there. She had left about five minutes before.
7- As soon as I had downloaded the document, the computer crashed.
8- By the time we found our seats at the concert hall, the symphony had already begun.
General structure
Past perfect (1ʳᵉ action) ➜ Past simple (2ᵉ action)
1- When I arrived at the station, the train had already left.
→ “Had left” = 1ʳᵉ action → past perfect
→ “Arrived” = 2ᵉ action → past simple
2-She was sad because she had failed the test.
→ “Had failed” = 1ʳᵉ action
→ “Was” = 2ᵉ action
